====== Transit Lichtkurve ====== //Dieser Abschnitt zeigt die grundlegenden Eigenschaften einer Lichtkurve. Die hier eingeführten Begriffe und Größen, sind für spätere Analysen wichtig und lassen sich auch experimentell gewonnen (realen) Lichtkurven bestimmen. // Übersicht Tutorial: [[cas-008|CAS-008: Exoplaneten]] ===== idealisierte Lichtkurve ===== ########################################################################################################## /lib/scripts/jqplot/jquery.jqplot.js /lib/scripts/jqplot/jquery.jqplot.css /lib/scripts/jqplot/jquery.min.js /lib/scripts/jqplot/jquery.jqplot.min.js # # jsxgraph # https://jsxgraph.org/distrib/jsxgraphcore.js ###https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/jsxgraph/distrib/jsxgraphcore.js ##https://jsxgraph.org/distrib/jsxgraph.css https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/jsxgraph/distrib/jsxgraph.css # # personal # ############################################################################################################ var a = -7.0; var b = 0.0; var c = 0.0; var f; var planet; var brd; ///////ctrl var onoff; var bText = true; var b1234 = true; var bTc = true; var bImpact = true; var bDepth = true; var bDuration = true; ////////// function onInit() { /////////////// BOARD brd = JXG.JSXGraph.initBoard('jbox', {boundingbox: [-10, 10, 10, -10], axis:false, grid:false, showNavigation:false, showCopyright:false, needsRegularUpdate:true }), //////////// STAR brd.create('point',[0,5], {face:'o', strokeColor: '#000', size:78, fixed: true, fillColor: '#FFFFE0', fillOpacity:0.3, // fillColor:JXG.hsv2rgb(60,1,1), needsRegularUpdate:true, name:'' } ); //////////////////////// brd.create('arrow', [ [-7,5],[8.5,5]] ,{dash:2,strokeColor:'#000'}); brd.create('arrow', [ [0,-1],[0,9.5]] ,{dash:2,strokeColor:'#000'}); ///////// flux time brd.create('arrow', [ [-7,-9],[-7,-1]] ,{strokeColor:'#000'}); brd.create('arrow', [ [-7,-9],[9,-9]] ,{strokeColor:'#000'}); brd.create('text',[-8,-0.5,"Helligkeit"]); brd.create('text',[8.5,-8,"Zeit"]); ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // transit b = 0 center //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // b=0 values var p1=-3.8; var p2=-2.5; var p3= 2.5; var p4= 3.8; // b = 1.5 values var q1=-3.45; var q2=-2.15; var q3= 2.15; var q4= 3.45; // ingress time brd.create('text',[2,8,"Stern (Hoststar)"],{ visible: function() {return bText;}}); function funcShow0(x){ if ( b == 0 && bText && b1234 && a > x) return true; return false; } function funcShow15(x){ if ( b == 1.5 && bText && b1234 && a > x) return true; return false; } /////// TC function showTC(){ if (bText && bTc && b < 3 && a > 0) return true; return false; } brd.create('line',[[0,-5],[0,-5.5]] ,{ visible: function() {return showTC();}, needsRegularUpdate:true,strokeWidth:1,straightFirst:false, straightLast:false,strokeColor:'#000'}); brd.create('text',[-0.1,-5.8,"T_c"],{ visible: function() { return showTC();},needsRegularUpdate:true}); /////// Duration //////////////////////////////////////////////// function showDuration1(x){ if (bText && bDuration && b == 0 && a > p4) return true; return false; } brd.create('text',[-1.5,-1.1,"T_{tot}"],{ visible: function() { return showDuration1();},needsRegularUpdate:true}); brd.create('text',[-0.1,-2,"T"],{ visible: function() { return showDuration1();},needsRegularUpdate:true}); brd.create('text',[0.6,-2.7,"T_{full}"],{ visible: function() { return showDuration1();},needsRegularUpdate:true}); function showDuration2(x){ if (bText && bDuration && b == 1.5 && a > q4) return true; return false; } brd.create('text',[-1.5,-1.1,"T_{tot}"],{ visible: function() { return showDuration2();},needsRegularUpdate:true}); brd.create('text',[-0.1,-2,"T"],{ visible: function() { return showDuration2();},needsRegularUpdate:true}); brd.create('text',[0.6,-2.7,"T_{full}"],{ visible: function() { return showDuration2();},needsRegularUpdate:true}); /////// Depth ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// function showDepth(){ if (bText && bDepth && b < 3 && a > 5) return true; return false; } brd.create('arrow', [ [5,-4],[5,-3]] ,{visible: function() {return showDepth();},strokeColor:'#000'}); brd.create('arrow', [ [5,-4],[5,-5]] ,{visible: function() {return showDepth();},strokeColor:'#000'}); brd.create('line',[[-6,-5],[6,-5]] ,{ visible: function() {return showDepth();}, needsRegularUpdate:true,strokeWidth:1,straightFirst:false, straightLast:false,strokeColor:'#D3D3D3'}); brd.create('text',[5.5,-4,"ΔF"],{ visible: function() { return showDepth();},needsRegularUpdate:true}); /////// Impact //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// function showImpact0(){ if (bText && bImpact && b == 0) return true; return false; } brd.create('text',[0.5,5.5,"b"],{ visible: function() { return showImpact0();},needsRegularUpdate:true}); brd.create('arrow', [ [0,5+0.8],[0,5]] ,{visible: function() {return showImpact0();},strokeColor:'#000'}); brd.create('arrow', [ [0,5-0.8],[0,5]] ,{visible: function() {return showImpact0();},strokeColor:'#000'}); // function showImpact15(){ if (bText && bImpact && b == 1.5) return true; return false; } brd.create('text',[0.5,4.2,"b"],{ visible: function() { return showImpact15();},needsRegularUpdate:true}); brd.create('arrow', [ [0,5-0.8],[0,5]] ,{visible: function() {return showImpact15();},strokeColor:'#000'}); brd.create('arrow', [ [0,5-0.8],[0,5-1.5]] ,{visible: function() {return showImpact15();},strokeColor:'#000'}); // function showImpact3(){ if (bText && bImpact && b == 3.0) return true; return false; } brd.create('text',[0.5,5-1.5,"b"],{ visible: function() { return showImpact3();},needsRegularUpdate:true}); brd.create('arrow', [ [0,5-0.8],[0,5]] ,{visible: function() {return showImpact3();},strokeColor:'#000'}); brd.create('arrow', [ [0,5-0.8],[0,5-3]] ,{visible: function() {return showImpact3();},strokeColor:'#000'}); // function showImpact45(){ if (bText && bImpact && b == 4.5) return true; return false; } brd.create('text',[0.5,5-2.2,"b"],{ visible: function() { return showImpact45();},needsRegularUpdate:true}); brd.create('arrow', [ [0,5-0.8],[0,5]] ,{visible: function() {return showImpact45();},strokeColor:'#000'}); brd.create('arrow', [ [0,5-0.8],[0,5-4.5]] ,{visible: function() {return showImpact45();},strokeColor:'#000'}); ////////////////////////7 brd.create('text',[p1-0.1,-8,"t_1"],{ visible: function() { return funcShow0(p2);},needsRegularUpdate:true}); brd.create('text',[p2-0.1,-8,"t_2"],{ visible: function() { return funcShow0(p2);},needsRegularUpdate:true}); brd.create('text',[p3-0.1,-8,"t_3"],{ visible: function() { return funcShow0(p4);},needsRegularUpdate:true}); brd.create('text',[p4-0.1,-8,"t_4"],{ visible: function() { return funcShow0(p4);},needsRegularUpdate:true}); brd.create('arrow', [ [p1+(p2-p1)/2,-7.3],[p2,-7.3]] ,{visible: function() {return funcShow0(p2);},strokeColor:'#000'}); brd.create('arrow', [ [p1+(p2-p1)/2,-7.3],[p1,-7.3]] ,{visible: function() {return funcShow0(p2);},strokeColor:'#000'}); brd.create('text',[p1 -0.5,-7.3,"τ"],{label: {useMathJax: true}, visible: function() { return funcShow0(p2);},needsRegularUpdate:true}); //////////////////////////// b = 0 // t tot brd.create('arrow', [ [p1+(p4-p1)/2,-1.5],[p4,-1.5]] ,{visible: function() {return showDuration1();},strokeColor:'#000'}); brd.create('arrow', [ [p1+(p4-p1)/2,-1.5],[p1,-1.5]] ,{visible: function() {return showDuration1();},strokeColor:'#000'}); // t pl = (p2-p1)/2+p1; pr = (p4-p3)/2+p3; mp = p1+(p4-p1)/2; brd.create('arrow', [ [mp,-2.3],[pl,-2.3]] ,{visible: function() {return showDuration1();},strokeColor:'#000'}); brd.create('arrow', [ [mp,-2.3],[pr,-2.3]] ,{visible: function() {return showDuration1();},strokeColor:'#000'}); // tfull brd.create('arrow', [ [p2+(p3-p2)/2,-3.1],[p3,-3.1]] ,{visible: function() {return showDuration1();},strokeColor:'#000'}); brd.create('arrow', [ [p2+(p3-p2)/2,-3.1],[p2,-3.1]] ,{visible: function() {return showDuration1();},strokeColor:'#000'}); //////////////////////////// b = 1.5 // t tot brd.create('arrow', [ [q1+(q4-q1)/2,-1.5],[q4,-1.5]] ,{visible: function() {return showDuration2();},strokeColor:'#000'}); brd.create('arrow', [ [q1+(q4-q1)/2,-1.5],[q1,-1.5]] ,{visible: function() {return showDuration2();},strokeColor:'#000'}); // t ql = (q2-q1)/2+q1; qr = (q4-q3)/2+q3; mq = q1+(q4-q1)/2; brd.create('arrow', [ [mq,-2.3],[ql,-2.3]] ,{visible: function() {return showDuration2();},strokeColor:'#000'}); brd.create('arrow', [ [mq,-2.3],[qr,-2.3]] ,{visible: function() {return showDuration2();},strokeColor:'#000'}); // tfull brd.create('arrow', [ [q2+(q3-q2)/2,-3.1],[q3,-3.1]] ,{visible: function() {return showDuration2();},strokeColor:'#000'}); brd.create('arrow', [ [q2+(q3-q2)/2,-3.1],[q2,-3.1]] ,{visible: function() {return showDuration2();},strokeColor:'#000'}); brd.create('line',[[p1,5],[p1,-7.5]] ,{ visible: function() {return funcShow0(p2);}, needsRegularUpdate:true,strokeWidth:1,straightFirst:false, straightLast:false,strokeColor:'#D3D3D3'}); brd.create('line',[[-3.15,5],[-3.15,-6.5]] ,{visible: function() {return funcShow0(p2);},needsRegularUpdate:true,strokeWidth:1,straightFirst:false, straightLast:false,strokeColor:'#D3D3D3'}); brd.create('line',[[p2,5],[p2,-7.5]] ,{visible: function() {return funcShow0(p2);},needsRegularUpdate:true,strokeWidth:1,straightFirst:false, straightLast:false,strokeColor:'#D3D3D3'}); // egress time brd.create('line',[[p4,5],[p4,-7.5]] ,{visible: function() {return funcShow0(p4);},needsRegularUpdate:true,strokeWidth:1,straightFirst:false, straightLast:false,strokeColor:'#D3D3D3'}); brd.create('line',[[3.15,5],[3.15,-6.5]] ,{visible: function() {return funcShow0(p4);},needsRegularUpdate:true,strokeWidth:1,straightFirst:false, straightLast:false,strokeColor:'#D3D3D3'}); brd.create('line',[[p3,5],[p3,-7.5]] ,{visible: function() {return funcShow0(p4);},needsRegularUpdate:true,strokeWidth:1,straightFirst:false, straightLast:false,strokeColor:'#D3D3D3'}); //////////// brd.create('text',[q1-0.1,-8,"t_1"],{ visible: function() { return funcShow15(q2);},needsRegularUpdate:true}); brd.create('text',[q2-0.1,-8,"t_2"],{ visible: function() { return funcShow15(q2);},needsRegularUpdate:true}); brd.create('text',[q3-0.1,-8,"t_3"],{ visible: function() { return funcShow15(q4);},needsRegularUpdate:true}); brd.create('text',[q4-0.1,-8,"t_4"],{ visible: function() { return funcShow15(q4);},needsRegularUpdate:true}); brd.create('arrow', [ [q1+(q2-q1)/2,-7.3],[q2,-7.3]] ,{visible: function() {return funcShow15(q2);},strokeColor:'#000'}); brd.create('arrow', [ [q1+(q2-q1)/2,-7.3],[q1,-7.3]] ,{visible: function() {return funcShow15(q2);},strokeColor:'#000'}); brd.create('text',[q1 -0.5,-7.3,"τ"],{label: {useMathJax: true}, visible: function() { return funcShow15(q2);},needsRegularUpdate:true}); brd.create('line',[[q1,3.5],[q1,-7.5]] ,{ visible: function() {return funcShow15(q2);}, needsRegularUpdate:true,strokeWidth:1,straightFirst:false, straightLast:false,strokeColor:'#D3D3D3'}); brd.create('line',[[-2.8,3.5],[-2.8,-6.5]] ,{visible: function() {return funcShow15(q2);},needsRegularUpdate:true,strokeWidth:1,straightFirst:false, straightLast:false,strokeColor:'#D3D3D3'}); brd.create('line',[[q2,3.5],[q2,-7.5]] ,{visible: function() {return funcShow15(q2);},needsRegularUpdate:true,strokeWidth:1,straightFirst:false, straightLast:false,strokeColor:'#D3D3D3'}); // egress time brd.create('line',[[q4,3.5],[q4,-7.5]] ,{visible: function() {return funcShow15(q4);},needsRegularUpdate:true,strokeWidth:1,straightFirst:false, straightLast:false,strokeColor:'#D3D3D3'}); brd.create('line',[[2.8,3.5],[2.8,-6.5]] ,{visible: function() {return funcShow15(q4);},needsRegularUpdate:true,strokeWidth:1,straightFirst:false, straightLast:false,strokeColor:'#D3D3D3'}); brd.create('line',[[q3,3.5],[q3,-7.5]] ,{visible: function() {return funcShow15(q4);},needsRegularUpdate:true,strokeWidth:1,straightFirst:false, straightLast:false,strokeColor:'#D3D3D3'}); ///////////////////////////////////// function transit_0(x) { return -2.0/(p4-p3)*x -8.8461538461538; } // line brd.create('line',[[-7,-3],[ function(){ if (b != 0) return; if( a < p1) { return a } else{ return p1} } ,-3]], {straightFirst:false, straightLast:false, strokeWidth:4, needsRegularUpdate:true}); // down brd.create('line',[[p1,-3],[ function(){ if (b != 0) return; if( a > p1 && a < p2) { return a } else { if (a > p2) {return p2 }} },function(){ if (b != 0) return; if( a >p1 && a < p2) { return transit_0(a); } else { if (a >= p2) {return -5 }} } ]], {straightFirst:false, straightLast:false, strokeWidth:4, needsRegularUpdate:true}); // line brd.create('line',[[p2,-5],[ function(){ if (b != 0) return; if( a >p2 && a < p3) { return a } else { if (a > p3) {return p3 }} } ,-5]], {straightFirst:false, straightLast:false, strokeWidth:4, needsRegularUpdate:true}); // up brd.create('line',[[p3,-5],[ function(){ if (b != 0) return; if( a > p3 && a <= p4) { return a; } else { if (a > p4) {return p4; }} } , function(){ if (b != 0) return; if( a > p3 && a < p4) { return transit_0(-a); } else { if (a >= p4) {return -3; }} }]], {straightFirst:false, straightLast:false, strokeWidth:4, needsRegularUpdate:true}); // line brd.create('line',[[p4,-3],[ function(){ if (b != 0) return; if( a > p4 && a <= 7) { return a; } } ,-3]], {straightFirst:false, straightLast:false, strokeWidth:4, needsRegularUpdate:true}); /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // transit b = 1.5 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// function transit_15(x) { return -2.0/(q4-q3)*x -8.307692307692307; } // line brd.create('line',[[-7,-3],[ function(){ if (b != 1.5) return; if( a < q1) { return a } else{ return q1} } , -3]], {straightFirst:false, straightLast:false, strokeWidth:4, needsRegularUpdate:true}); // down brd.create('line',[[q1,-3],[ function(){ if (b != 1.5) return; if( a >q1 && a < q2) { return a } else { if (a > q2) {return q2 }} },function(){ if (b != 1.5) return; if( a >q1 && a < q2) { return transit_15(a); } else { if (a >= q2) {return -5 }} } ]], {straightFirst:false, straightLast:false, strokeWidth:4, needsRegularUpdate:true}); // line brd.create('line',[[q2,-5],[ function(){ if (b != 1.5) return; if( a >q2 && a < q3) { return a } else { if (a > q3) {return q3 }} } ,-5]], {straightFirst:false, straightLast:false, strokeWidth:4, needsRegularUpdate:true}); // up brd.create('line',[[q3,-5],[ function(){ if (b != 1.5) return; if( a >q3 && a <= q4) { return a; } else { if (a > q4) {return q4; }} } , function(){ if (b != 1.5) return; if( a > q3 && a < q4) { return transit_15(-a); } else { if (a >= q4) {return -3; }} }]], {straightFirst:false, straightLast:false, strokeWidth:4, needsRegularUpdate:true}); // line brd.create('line',[[q4,-3],[ function(){ if (b != 1.5) return; if( a <= 7 && a > q4) { return a; } } ,-3]], {straightFirst:false, straightLast:false, strokeWidth:4, needsRegularUpdate:true}); /////////////////////////////// // gracing trantic b=3 // var qq1 = -2.38; var qq2 = 2.38; // line brd.create('line',[[-7,-3],[ function(){ if (b != 3 ) return; if( a < qq1 ) { return a ;} else{ return qq1;} } ,-3]], {straightFirst:false, straightLast:false, strokeWidth:4, needsRegularUpdate:true}); // function gracing(x) { return -1.0/2.38*x -4; } // down brd.create('line',[[qq1,-3],[ function(){ if (b != 3) return; if( a > qq1 && a < 0) { return a; } else { if (a >= 0) {return 0 }} } , function(){ if (b != 3) return; if( a > qq1 && a < 0) { return gracing(a); } else { if (a >= 0) {return -4 }} } ]], {straightFirst:false, straightLast:false, strokeWidth:4, needsRegularUpdate:true}); // up brd.create('line',[[0,-4],[ function(){ if (b != 3) return; if( a >0 && a < qq2) { return a; } else { if (a >= qq2) {return qq2 }} } , function(){ if (b != 3) return; if( a > 0 && a < qq2) { return gracing(-a); } else { if (a >= qq2) {return -3 }} } ]], {straightFirst:false, straightLast:false, strokeWidth:4, needsRegularUpdate:true}); // line brd.create('line',[[qq2,-3],[ function(){ if (b != 3 ) return; if( a <= 7 && a >qq2) { return a; } } ,-3]], {straightFirst:false, straightLast:false, strokeWidth:4, needsRegularUpdate:true}); // // no transit b = 4.5 // brd.create('line',[[-7,-3],[ function(){ if (b != 4.5) return; if( a < 7) { return a; } else{ return 7;} } ,-3]], {straightFirst:false, straightLast:false, strokeWidth:4, needsRegularUpdate:true}); // // planet line // function fpos(x) { return 5-x; } brd.create('line',[[-7, function(){ return fpos(b)}],[ 7,function(){ return fpos(b)}]], {straightFirst:false, strokeColor: '#808080',straightLast:false, strokeWidth:1,dash:2, needsRegularUpdate:true}); ////////////////////////////////////////////////////// planet = brd.create('point',[function(){ return a}, function() { return 5-b}], {face:'o', size:14, strokeColor: '#000', fillColor: '#000', // fillColor:JXG.hsv2rgb(0,0,0), needsRegularUpdate:true, name: '' } ); $("#betaOut").text(a.toFixed(2)); } function beschriftungChanged(value) { if (value.checked ){ bText = true; }else { bText = false ;} brd.fullUpdate(); } function onoffChanged(source) { checkboxes = document.getElementsByName('foo'); for(var i=0, n=checkboxes.length;i
Idealisierte Lichtkurve. Ein Transit ist nur zu beobachten, wenn der Impaktparameter b nicht zu groß ist,.
Einstellungen

Impaktparameter b:
Zeit:                     
++++ Details |

Der Impaktparameter bestimmt ob ein Transit stattfinden kann. Während b=0 bedeutet, dass der Transit durch die Mitte des Sterns verläuft, verringert sich die Transitzeiten wenn b größer wird. Ein Randtransit (engl. gracing Transit) erzeugt nur noch eine V-Kurve. Noch größeres b erzeugt keinen Transit mehr. Der Impaktparameter ist mit weiteren wichtigen Parametern z.B. die sogenannte Inklination $i$ verknüpft, auf die wie später zurückkommen.
Diese Größe ist experimentell zu bestimmen und liefert wichtige physikalische Parameter, z.B. ergibt sich unmittelbar aus $\Delta F$ das verhältnis der Radien von Stern und Planet.
Die vier Zeiten $t_1,t_2,t_3,t_4$ beschreiben das Eintauchen (engl. ingress) und Auftauchen (engl. egress) in den Transit
$\tau_{ing}=t_2-t1$ 
$\tau_{egr}=t_4-t3$ 
$\tau = \tau_{ing} = \tau_{egr}$   Die Annahme, dass die Ingress-/Egresszeiten gleich lang sind, gilt für exzentrische Bahnen im allgemeinen nicht, der hierdurch entstehende Fehler ist aber in der Regel sehr klein.
$T_{tot}=t_4-t_1$   totale Transitdauer
$T_{full}=t_3-t_2$   volle Transitdauer
$T=T_{tot}-\tau$   Zeispanne zwischen den Kontaktlienien (halbe Ingrees/Egress Positon)r
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